High dietary content of palmitic fatty acid is the major cause of increase in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and arrterial intima atheromatosis

Abstract

According to an increase in the rate constant of hydrolysis by post-heparin lipoprotein lipase individual blood serum triglycerides are arranged as follows: palmitoyl-palmitoyl-palmitate – palmitoyl-palmitoyl-oleate – palmitoyloleyl-palmitate – oleyl-palmitoyl-palmitate – oleyl-oleyl-palmitate – oleyl-oleyl-oleate. Left and right shifts can be identified in this spectrum of TG isoforms: PPP – PPO – POP – OPP – OOP – ООО. Left shift to palmitic TG occurs when a) animal food, beef and fat diary products are consumed, i.e., the content of palmitic saturated fatty acid (FA) is 15% over other FA and b) in endogenous syndrome of insulin resistance. Blood level of lowdensity cholesterol and apoE and apoC-III contents are high. Right shift with prevalence of oleic TG occurs at low dietary contents of beef and fat diary products and high contents of fish, seafood and olive oil, physiological levels of carbohydrates, normally functioning insulin and high physical activity. Right shift initiates the effects of insulin, ώ-3 essential polyenic FA, glutazol and fibrates which increase the activity of ∆9-stearyl-CoAdesaturase-2 and conversion of palmitic saturated FA into monounsaturated oleic FA. Left shift results into a palmitic metabolic pathway of energy substrate, while right shift leads to a more effective oleic pathway.