Study of the level of adipokines in patients with overweight and obesity, depending on the presence of type 2 diabetes mellitus and coronary heart disease

Abstract

The aim – assessment of adipose tissue secretory activity and it’s effect on the severity of atherosclerosis and on the lipid spectrum in patients with ischemic heart disease (IHD) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM).

Material and methods. The study included 66 patients with a body mass index (BMI) over 25 kg/m² (observation group, mean age 56±12 years) and 10 healthy volunteers from the control group (mean age 49±8 years). The patients underwent a general clinical assessment, a biochemical blood test, and measured adipokine levels.

Results. Patients with a BMI over 25 kg/m² more often had hypertension (p <0,001), IHD (p=0,005), type 2 DM (p=0,03). In the observation group, the leptin level was significantly higher than in the control group (19,5 [11,9; 37,1] ng/ml versus 7,3 [3,8; 18,5] ng/ml, р <0,01). In patients with IHD, there were an increase in the level of resistin (7,0 [6,0; 9,8] ng/ml versus 4,8 [4,1; 5,7] ng/ml, р <0,001)  and a decrease in the level of leptin (13,4 [10,3; 22,6] ng/ml versus 30,4 [14,6; 51,4] ng/ml, р=0,001) compared with patients without IHD. The blood adiponectin level was significantly higher in patients without type 2 diabetes compared with patients with type 2 DM (4,1 [1,3; 5,8] ng/ml versus 5,5 [3,8; 10,3] ng/ml, р=0,04).

Conclusion. The dysfunction of adipose tissue caused by obesity leads to an imbalance of adipokines and thereby a disturbance of systemic homeostasis. Studying the functions and mechanisms of action of adipokines will enable a better understanding of the pathogenesis of obesity-related disorders and the development of more targeted treatments for obesity and its complications.