Параметры артериальной ригидности как неинвазивные маркеры ишемической болезни сердца у лиц молодого возраста

V. E. Oleinikov; A. A. Khromova; L. I. Salyamova; K. N. Polezhaeva; Yu. A. Tomashevskaya

doi:10.34687/2219-8202.JAD.2023.03.0006

Authors

V. E. Oleinikov Penza State University, Therapy, Penza, Russia
A. A. Khromova Penza State University, Therapy, Penza, Russia
L. I. Salyamova Penza State University, Therapy, Penza, Russia
K. N. Polezhaeva Penza State University, Therapy, Penza, Russia
Yu. A. Tomashevskaya Penza State University, Therapy, Penza, Russia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.34687/2219-8202.JAD.2023.03.0006

Keywords:

atherosclerosis; ischemic heart disease; risk factors; arterial stiffness; healthy; young age.

Abstract

Summary

Objective: to study classical risk factors (RFs) and structural and functional properties of arteries of various calibers in patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) younger than 50 years old with and without a cardiovascular history to determine non-invasive parameters that can predict the development of cardiovascular pathology.

Material and methods. The study included 128 IHD patients with and without a history of cardiovascular disease and 31 healthy volunteers. Risk factors (FRs) were studied: gender, family history, smoking, arterial hypertension, obesity, dyslipidemia, impaired carbohydrate metabolism. A comprehensive assessment of the arterial bed was carried out using ultrasound examination of the common carotid arteries using RF technology, volumetric sphygmography, and endothelial function analysis.

Results. In healthy individuals, one risk factor was noted in 58% of cases, and two risk factors were noted in almost a third. In the group of coronary artery disease with subclinical cardiovascular pathology, 83% had from two to four risk factors, in the group of ischemic heart disease with a history of CVD, 3-6 risk factors were observed in 97%.

According to the data obtained in the course of a non-invasive study of the arterial bed, in relation to most parameters, clear differences were found between patients with various forms of coronary artery disease and healthy individuals.

Based on the results of the study, taking into account the correlations between the indicators, a multifactorial model for the presence of coronary artery disease was created, including CIMT, R/L-PWV, PVD, OT. The R2 level was 0.61; F(4.84)=32.5 (p<0.001). The developed model has the form of the following formula: Y = -1.805 + 0.001X1 + 0.060X2 - 0.010X3 + 0.012X4.

Conclusion. The results of the study demonstrated the deterioration of the structural and functional state of the arteries in patients with coronary artery disease at a young age, regardless of the history of cardiovascular pathology. Therefore, early detection of markers of atherosclerotic lesions of the vascular wall using non-invasive techniques can contribute to the timely verification of cardiovascular pathology in a young group of patients.

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