Выбор вида и линии животных для оценки антиатерогенных и гиполипидемических лекарственных средств

Abstract

To date there are no effective means to stop the development of atherosclerosis, the major cause of ischemic cardiovascular diseases, a leading cause of death for people. The creation of anti-atherogenic and lifid-lowering drugs is possible only in the process of in-depth preclinical studies on experimental animals. Models of atherosclerosis should be similar in pathogenesis to atherosclerosis person and meet thefollowing criteria: the similarity of the experimental nature of the violations with those; the similarity of the lipid profile of blood plasma and metabolism with the metabolism in the human body; rate of breeding animals and the development of atherosclerotic disorders; the cost of purchasing and maintaining animals; the ability to perform manipulation and visualisation of disturbances in vivo and a number of others. The review considers current approaches to the modeling of atherosclerosis in various species and lines of animals. Analysis of the literature suggests the possibility of using models of atherosclerosis such rarely usedfor these purposes, the types of animals like Guinea pigs, degus and hamsters that meet many of these criteria. It is also shown thatfor studying the mechanisms of atherosclerosis, including at the molecular level, optimally match the different lines of genetically changed rodents, in particular mice. However,for the study of new drugs anti-atherogenic and lipid-lowering drugs requires larger animals (Guineapigs, degus and hamsters), suitablefor long-term dynamic observation, which requires regular blood sampling. Due to the fact that so far there is no single model of atherosclerosis in animals, which would satisfy all the required criteria, should, apparently, inpreclinical studies to use as small animals (guinea pigs, hamsters, degus) for preliminary rapid tests, and large (rabbits, dwarf pigs) to confirm the effectiveness of pharmacological drugs.