Visualization, composition and structure of endothelial glycocalyx

Abstract

In normal state, a complex multicomponent system called glycocalyx is present on the surface of endothelial vascular system. The structure of the glycocalyx is determined by a group of proteoglycans, glycoproteins and glycosaminoglycans, originating from endothelial cells and blood flow. Due to its complexity and location on the border of the system of blood circulation, glycocalyx participates in a number of functions supporting the metabolism of the vascular wall. In pathological conditions undergo complete or partial loss of this structure, which leads to inconsistencies in the vascular wall and change its functions. In the first part of this review considers the history of detection and determination of endothelial glycocalyx structure, utilized methods and approaches. Described in detail the molecular composition of the glycocalyx, properties of its components and overall glycocalyx structure.